How And Why Childrens Play Has Changed Over the Last 50 Essay

How And Why Childrens Play Has Changed Over the Last 50 - Essay Example According to the research findings, the digital revolution in the world has brought along with it its related technologies such as the smartphone, digital cameras, video game consoles, e-book readers among others that have led to the decline of outdoor play and given rise to what has come to be known as digital play. While children of the 1950s and 60s would spend their play time outdoors in the fields and terraces interacting with nature, children in our modern era are more likely to be found holed up in their cozy homes playing their favorite video games or browsing on their smartphones. Thus, it is evident that the amount of play time outdoors and the rise of digital play are two related developments where the rise of the latter has led to the fall of the former. A third related development has been the reduction of the amount of time available for children’s play. This has been attributed to economic circumstances of parents where parents in the modern economies spend most of their time in the workplace and lesser time with their children at home. A related factor has been the fact that schools have decided to cut down on the time allocated to play in favor of more time for instructional teaching. These two factors have conspired to reduce the number of time children has left to play. The integration of digital media technology into homes, schools, workplace and other areas of life is now ubiquitous. Digital technology, in terms of smartphones, digital cameras, game consoles, et cetera has now transcended into almost every facet of the human life to such an extent that it would be hard to evade it.

Winter season Essay Example for Free

Winter season Essay It was the Khandpaath of Baishakhi Gurpurab in 2010 at our local gurdwara Metiabruz, Khandpaath: it is an unbreakable continous reading of SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB (HOLY BOOK OF SIKH, Total pages 1430), Readers are changed frequently after like 2 hours and it takes approx 50 hours to complete. It was a sunny day, saturday afternoon, after day time langar or lunch, i was sitting alone, i had no idea that this day going to impact my life forever. PUJA was very naughty and fool, i was very shy to girls from the beginning because i did not know how to talk with them and what they like, i was not used to, girls like appreciation, no matter who is the person and even if it is a false applause, i did not want to hurt them and that is the bad and last impression. She asked me for whom i am dreaming, but i was not, but i told her funnily that yes i was dreaming of a girl, she asked, who is she?, tell me, i know everyone, I will try to make your match for sure . i said, i really do not know who is she, but if i need your help, i will ask you for sure. she went away. My friend, Mantej, was present there and he was not good in study at all, he need someone to write his project, he asked me if i can write on his behalf, i told him better you tell puja, she is very helpful. He was scared of being rejected by puja, but puja asked for some choclates as a fees, project was very important to him but it did not seems. one can never rely on someone if its too important, he was happy that someone took charged for his project, i was doing something on Mantejs mobile , suddenly i got a missed call on his no., i told him you got a missed call, he said just feed it, it is no. of puja, he exchanged mb. no. to get updates, i saved it but dont know what happened wrong i thought to tease her because she offers me her help. Puja was not good looking at all with no personality and unattractive. I remember few days ago at Rashbehari Gurudwara, baikshaki gurpurab, she made her identity as a SIKH by performing religious rituals. I messaged her that now you are follower s of a sikh religion so stop your foolish activities like flirting with different guys at one time, she replied in curiousity, who are you? , do not preach me. It was a beginning of a chat, puja tried herself very hard to reveal my identity but not succeeded. One evening i got message from two mb. nos. , one was new and the other one was of puja. i was sure  that the new no. is any of pujas friend because she asked me that who am i after she told me that she lives in B.N.R, behind Marine club, in family was only dad mom and a brother. Though she addressed her punjabi, i was failed to identify her because i knew everyone almost in radius of 2km. B.N.R is like 2km from my home and there was no punjabi family behind Marine club. I also told that my name is Tejpal singh, resides at Ekbalpur, study in st. Thomas school, where puja is used to study, now my this fake address confused them more because i told the name of pujas school. The very next morning, i and new no. were chatted something about sex and ended up the chat with abusing each other. i thought it was the end of chatting new no. but it was not. it was now like a daily schedule, at night both puja and new no. used to chat with me. After in few days, i got addicted with chat of new no. and attention from puja got divert. It was obvious because puja had number of boy friends and she was not going to spoil her time with an unidentify personality. now even i got excited to disclose who the new no. is. puja had strong feelings that i am tejpal singh because one day new no. called me for a minute to listen my voice. i had a different tone of punjabi. punjabi language get change a little bit after a district. In punjab, i was from MOGA district and she was from HOSHIRPUR, so there is quite differences in the same sentences. On sundays, puja used to ask my friend about my mb. no. but i told earlier everyone that if puja asked you about my new relaince no. th en just tell i have only hutch no., they all said all right. First puja asked me that it was you who message me, i simply said no, why i will do. she told that i know it was you. she asked my every friend but no one said truth to her because they were also enjoying. But that day i came to know that the new no. is her cousin sister SONA.

Review of a Website Essay -- Website Review, Reliable Sources

â€Å"If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday,† quoted Pearl Buck. Most everyone has a time in their life where history becomes important to them. Whether that be tracing back family heritage, writing a research essay, or just out of curiosity. All and all, history is very influential to people’s lives and what better way to learn about history then to visit the website â€Å"Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement.† This credible website offers an opportunity for the public to learn more about our American history in an interactive and creative way. The creators of the image archive arrange features, cross-referencing and images with the Adobe Flash plug in program in order to enhance learning. The site offers various virtual exhibits that can be explored. The American Eugenics Movement included key events, persons, and social conditions that formed the development. There are nine specific virtual exhibits that are presented: social origins, scientific origins, research methods, traits studied, research flaws, eugenics popularization, marriage laws, sterilization laws and immigration restriction. All of these options show evidence of the development and expansion of The American Eugenics Movement. The first thing most notable about this website was their sense of design. A black ebony background illuminated with old brush style text and decorative graphics, welcomes and invites the visitor to â€Å"Enter† their website. This particular idea is a very artistic way of getting people to interact with their website. It is studied that most people learn better by hands on interaction, instead of reading perhaps plain, boring text. The website is appealing and fairly easy to navigate within the various browsers.... ...hives date back to July 2009. Even twitter and facebook links are offered in order to share information. This was all possible by the Dolan DNA Learning Center producers. In conclusion, the American Eugenics movement website is most beneficial to the public and distributes information appropriately and accessibly. The movement was very influential towards our history today, and it is noted that the information should be easy and fun to learn through this creative and unique website. Every part of information on this site has a reliable source and author which is important when citing a source. Overall, most everyone has a time in their life where history becomes important to them, and with the help of the â€Å"American Eugenics Movement† website, people can continue to correlate history with their lives and learn more about how history changed our world forever.

Effect of Texting on Teens Essay

Cell phones are becoming a modern day necessity, to the point that they are a must have for every teenager and adult. Human beings are growing increasingly attached to these devices, depending on them more and more for their communication with other people, job duties, and other daily activities that they must accomplish. One way that we are taking advantage of cell phone technology at a rapidly growing rate is through the use of text messaging. It seems that anywhere you are likely to see people glued to phones screen, fingers typing away. In schools, malls, and cars we see them. On sidewalks, streets, and in crosswalks we see them, heads down typing away. Sometimes we may be one of those people with our fingers glued to our phones keyboard or touchscreen. Does this really affect our day to day activities? This research paper, against contrary belief, concludes that texting does not affect teenagers adversely. Many people believe that texting affects teenagers in many ways. On the contrary, teenagers believe that they can keep a balance between texting and social interaction. They know when to use text language and when to use regular English (Edutopia). Noting that there are some negative aspects of texting, such as- phone addiction, social awkwardness e.t.c. It has many positive aspects to it also. Many would argue that texting has dampened their children’s ability to interact on a face-to-face level with their peers, but others would argue against that, and say that it allows people more freedom to contact those that they do not see regularly. Many teenagers have cell phones now and that is seen as a blessing and curse by both parents and children. Often, a child will get a cell phone as a means to communicate more easily with their guardians, which gives them some measure of freedom that they hadn’t had before. Teens appreciate that freedom and they also feel a sense of being connected to their parents, since they can be contacted at any time. Parents are thankful that they have that connection. When parents feel that their children are using their phone  too much, they may put restrictions on the usage of phones. This keeps, both the parents and the children happy. With the uprising of technology many are concerned about the social ramifications that texting holds, particularly on younger generations. Between teenagers and their friends â€Å"cell-phone texting has become the preferred channel of basic communication† (Lenhart) and it’s becoming commonplace for children at younger and younger ages to communicate with their friends via text messaging as opposed to phone conversations or even face-to-face. A majority of modern teenagers, defined by the Pew Research Center as ages 12-17, will text their friends at least once a day. A smaller percentage call theirs friends daily and an even smaller number talk to friends face-to-face. Though texting might take some kids away from social interactions, it also opens the door for many other children to communicate with their peers through a way that makes them feel safer. Texting can be a good alternative for children that suffer from: * Social anxiety * Loneliness * Shyness As texting does not looking at the person you are talking to, directly, it boosts confidence of children and helps them to become socially active. â€Å"I think it’s possible to say that the electronic media is helping kids to be in touch much more and for longer. It is also helping lonely children to make more friends and making children feel socially involved† (Hilary Stout) After discussing several points raised above, one major question arises, does texting have any negative effect on literacy of teens? The answer to this question is very debatable, but using two studies, this research paper will prove that texting does not have any negative effect on literacy of teens. The first study, â€Å"The effect of text messaging on 9- and 10-year-old children’s reading, spelling and phonological processing skills† proves that there is no significant evidence that texting was good or bad when the researchers compared the two groups that were tested. However, it did find  that by using texting, children improved their spelling skills when compared to other children in the intervention group. It also found that the number of messages sent and received was positively correlated to lexical retrieval skill. (Wood, C) The second study, â€Å"Txt lang: Texting, textism use and literacy ability in adolescents with and without specific language impairment† Forty-seven typically developed (TD) and 47 adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI), all age 17, were used in the study. The adolescents with SLI had developmental problem in understanding and expressing language that were not related to other developmental disorders, such as mental retardation. The study was conducted by K. Durkin, A.J. Walker, and ContiRamsdent from the School of Psychological Sciences and Health. All adolescent completed tests that included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence to test for their IO. To test their language ability the CELF-4 was used. Reading was assessed by the Test of Reading Efficiency test. And lastly, to test their reading and spelling abilities, the sub-tests of the Wide Range Achievement Test were used. Evaluation of texting frequency was done by asking how often the participants texted per week and marked on a five–point scale. The participants were also sent a text message asking them what they usually do on Saturdays. After receiving their response, it was coded for structural characteristics, such as number of messages. The study found that the adolescents sent fewer text messages than their typically developed peers. They also responded in lesser amounts. Sixty-eight of the SLI adolescents compared to 87% of the TD adolescents responded. The adolescents with SLI that responded scored higher in reading than the non-senders. The study also found that the senders and non-senders in the TD group were similar in language and literacy.(Durkin, K) Majority of people thought that text messaging would have a negative impact on students writing and literacy, however, the studies analyzed show a different story.If taken as a whole, these studies seem to indicate the opposite of the concern that text messaging is bad for literacy. Both the studies found a positive relationship between reading and spelling. The first study found that those who used texting had better spelling skills, and the number of text messages sent and received was related to the ability to retrieve words from memory. The second study found that those with specific language impairment sent less text messages. This suggests that in order to get into texting, you have to have better reading skills. In the end, these studies don’t support the concerns that texting is harmful to literacy. After scrutinizing the positive and the negative aspects of texting, It is very clear that the positives weigh more than the negatives. texting may not always make teens socially awkward, but can help any children to be socially more active and confident. If the amount of phone usage of children can be regulated to an extent where both the parents and the children are happy, it can be very helpful for the both of them. children can always stay connected with the parents and parents can know the whereabouts of their children. Texting is also very important as it does not disturb a person as much as a phone call would. Teens have to socialize, and phone calls are much more distracting than sending text messages, both for the children and the people around the children. â€Å"Teens tell us how texting is more efficient, how they don’t have to go through the preamble and niceties of a phone conversation.†(Lenhart) It is a very clear from the above discussion, that if texting can be regulated, it helps a lot. children do not feel unsafe while travelling alone as they can text their parents anytime, they do not get disturbed by phone calls, they can contact people they do not see regularly, texting also helps improve spellings, e.t.c. Against popular belief, texting does not harm teens adversely, rather, it helps teens in many ways mentioned above. So, if done in a regulated manner, texting is not bad for teens. Bibliography Internet sites: Hafner, Katie. â€Å"Texting may be taking a toll.† The New York Times, May 26, 2009 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26teen.html?_r=0 Lambert, Victoria. â€Å"Docs’ fear for text mad teens.† The SUN, November 30, 2010 http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/woman/parenting/3251846/Studies-look-into-risks-and-effects-of-texting-for-children-and-teenagers.html â€Å"Teens, Cell phones and Texting.† pewresearch.org, Pew Research Centre, April 20, 2010 http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1572/teens-cell-phones-text-messages Elyse,Toribio. â€Å"Textings effect on grammar.† NorthJersey.com, August 13, 2012 http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/tech_news/165943756_Texting_s_effect_on_grammar_is_debated.html â€Å"How has texting affected the social life of teens.† Livestrong.com, Livestrong, September 1, 2011 http://www.livestrong.com/article/532976-how-has-texting-affected-the-social-lives-of-teens/ Stout, Hilary. â€Å"Antisocial Networking?â⠂¬  The New York Times 30 Apr. 2010: ST1. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. . Does text messaging harm students’ writing skills, No publisher, edutopia.org http://www.edutopia.org/poll-text-messaging-writing-skills Lenhart, Amanda. â€Å"Teens, Cell Phones, and Texting.† Pew Research Center Publications. Pew Research Center, 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2012. http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1572/teenscell-phones-text-messages Studies/ Researches: Wood, C., et al. â€Å" The effect of text messaging on 9- and 10-year-old children’s reading, spelling and phonological processing skills.† Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (Feb. 2011): n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Durkin, K., G. Conti-Ramsdent, and A.J. Walker. â€Å" Txt lang: Texting, textism use and literacy abilities in adolescents with and without specific language impairment.† Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (Feb. 2011): n. pag. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Feb. 2011

Mid “Witchery”

A wise woman was asked to present the baby to the world and predict its fortune. A wise women, or witch was the priestess who instructed women in blood, birth, and the magic of it all. The French word for midwife means â€Å"wise woman†. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia the â€Å"art of attending women in childbirth† is called midwifery. Midwives and their practices date back as far as ancient biblical, Greek and Roman times. Before the emergence of obstetrics, midwives and their practices were not considered an important part of the medical establishment.In it's beginning midwives had no formal training and relied solely on experience and the teachings from mother to daughter within the profession. Wise women were the healers of the ancient world, it was during this time that wise women and witch became synonymous. In the beginning of recorded history people lived in small groups as a tribe. Within the tribes men were in charger of the survival of the group. He was the protector and the hunter. Women's roles revolved around their power to give birth. They were the nurtures of the family and the healers of both the physical and the spiritual.Women were a sacred part of the group and this arose to the worship of the Goddess. (Aisles, 1-7) There were many goddesses and myths associated with birth. One of the Greeks most sacred Goddess's was Artemisia (also known as the Roman Goddess Diana). When Artemisia was born she assisted her mother in the birth of her twin brother Apollo. She became the protector of women and made decisions regarding who would live and die during birth. (Encyclopedia mythical: Artemisia) Hake was an Egyptian Goddess. She had a frogs head which was a symbol of life and fertility.She was also known as the Goddess of the last stages of birth. Although the word midwife did not exist at that time, the occupation of a midwife held the title of â€Å"the servants of Hake. (Hake; Encyclopedia Mythical) The Celtic Goddess Brig it is very interesting because she went from pagan mythology to Christianity and sainthood. Brigit was known as the Goddess with three aspects. She was a the patroness for blacksmiths, for poetry, and for healing and fertility. Brigit has a seasonal holiday on the calendar of paganism called Iambic which is celebrated on February first.It is a celebration to usher in the spring. Christians accepted Brigit as a surrogate mother to Christ and changed the pagan Iambic to Candelas. She was cannonaded as SST. Brigit. (Brigit; Encyclopedia Mythical) During the Goddess era, myths revolved around the goddesses who helped women. Women Goddess's were the mothers of all. Shrines and temples were erected to the worshiping of these women. But all the good that surrounds women and their knowledge comes to an end with the emergence of a patriarchal God. Christianity changed the view of women as Gods.Eve, in the bible is solely responsible for all the evil in the world. In Genesis, it is Eve that i s tempted by the serpent and brings shame upon herself and Adam with a punishment to last for eternity and all generations. God says: I will greatly increase your pangs in haltering; in pain you shall bring forth children, yet your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you. [Gene. 3:6] With Christianity in the forefront of spirituality and religion comes one of the darkest times for women. Midwives were there to help women with the difficulties of childbearing.They helped teach women techniques that would help move along the birth and keep the mothers as comfortable as possible. Since the pains of childbirth was there punishment for sins, anyone who helped in eased this pain were considered to be working with Satan. Women working with Satan were witches. In 1486 the church used a book written by Jacob Springer and Heimlich Kramer called the Mallets Maleficent or better known as â€Å"The Witches Hammer†. It was and instructional book for witch hunters. Midw ives had two chapters devoted to them and their practices.The practice of child birth was set to change according to the church. (Summers) â€Å"No one does more harm to the Catholic faith than midwives† (CTD. In Rehiring and English 13). Midwifery was now being moved to the medical profession. Everything that women taught and used during child birth was now being scrutinized. Instead of litigating the knowledge women healers possessed, it was set in motion the total eradication of midwives altogether. The church set a course to rid society of magic. While boosting professional physicians the acts committed by untrained midwives was now a low status position to hold.Life and death had a value that belonged to God and professional physicians. The church's position held that professionalism placed on the doctor put him on the side of God, while the female midwife became the personification of evil. In the book â€Å"Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A history of Women Healersâ₠¬ , the author makes this statement: When faced with the misery of the poor, the Church turned to the dogma that experience in this world is fleeting and unimportant. But there was a double standard at work, for the Church was not against medical care for the upper class.Kings and nobles had their court physicians who were men, sometimes even priests. The real issue was control: Male upper class healing under the auspices of the Church was acceptable, female healing as part of a peasant underclass was not. â€Å"(Rehiring and English 13) The clergy noticed that women regarded midwives to an important status and plotted to have it stopped. Rehiring and English 11-12) With the â€Å"Mallets† in hand, the church was armed and ready for war. Midwives were watched closely and if a child died a midwife could be charged at sacrificing that child's soul to the devil.It became important for midwives to have witnesses and control of all situations. Midwives were given a chance to sig n documents stating that they would not perform rituals or use magic in anyway. These women found favor by following rules of men and training under them. These women Joined in on the witch hunts and became the ones to help search out midwives who were found o be witches. Eighty percent of witches were women and a third of those women were in fact midwives. Approximately sixty thousand women were executed as witches for three century.Cones) The scope of the witch trials is more then can be expressed and midwives are only one representation of the women accused of witchcraft. It is more notable that the witch trials were about religious authority over woman and the abuse of women by men. It has been over three hundred years since the Salem Witch trials. It is Americas worst history of witch hunts. Today there are many powerful women around the world. These women hold important positions in business, hospitals and even government offices. Midwifery has made a come back in the area of obstetrics.Many doctors offices offer midwife services to clients. Women are interested in the experience of having a midwife rejoice in their celebration of life. But even with all of the accomplishments women have made they still struggle for equal rights. In 1992 Pat Robertson wrote in a fund raising letter, â€Å"The feminist agenda is not about equal rights for women. It is about a socialist, anti-family political movement that encourages women to leave their husbands, kill heir children, practice witchcraft, destroy capitalism, and become lesbians. † There again is the accusation of witchcraft.

Worries of aging essays

Worries of aging essays Aging is a natural process, with it comes worries as to what the quality of life will be in the golden years, A few concerns of aging are the failing of health, money and desertion of family and friends. First health can be a major problem, People have a fear that sickness will come, and will it be minor, lasting only a few days or will it may be major like heart failure and will it require expensive medications like paxil. Will there be a hospital admission with expensive test like heart cauterization or open heart surgery. Will nursing be required when you return home or will you be able to care for yourself? Money also is a concern with aging. Will there be social security benefit cuts if the government restructures it. Also will there be enough money coming into the household for bills, food and medical expenses. Will the home be safe from creditors or will it have to be sold due to past due bills that have accumulated. Lastly Aging can find people out living friends and family. There are worries that no one will be there emotionally or finically and they will be left to fend for themselves. If family and friends are still living will they be there or continue with their lives and forget to include you in it. In conclusion. Aging can be scary and stressful. But it doesnt have to be. We need to address these issues to ensure that we will be at least cared for and free from, finical difficulty. This can be accomplished with 401Ks land investments and Bonds. You can also deed your home to someone and place a living will on it. Then you cant loose the home, and can remain in it until your death. By doing these you will help to ease the worries that come with aging. ...

Activities to Increase Students Vocabulary

Activities to Increase Students Vocabulary Are you looking for a few fun ideas that will help increase your students writing, speaking, listening and reading vocabulary? Well here are 6 motivational activities to help expand their vocabulary. Fun With Literature When students hear the name Junie B. Jones or Ameila Bedelia (the main characters that are in popular book series) you will probably hear a roar of cheers from your students. Junie B and Ameila are well known for the hilarious antics and situations that they get themselves into. These series books are wonderful to use for prediction and to help enrich students vocabulary. You can have students predict what they think the main character will get into next. Another great collection that is filled with endless language opportunities is the books by Ruth Heller. This author offers a collection of rhythmic books about adjective, verbs, and nouns that are great for young students. Vocabulary Builder A fun and impressive way to increase and build students vocabulary is to create a Breakthrough Box. Tell students that each day they are going to discover or breakthrough a new word and learn its meaning. Each week for homework students must cut out a word from a magazine, newspaper, cereal box, ect. and paste it to an index card. Then at school, they put it into the Breakthrough Box. At the start of each day, the teacher randomly calls upon one student to pull out a card from the box and the students task is to discover its meaning. Each day a new word and its meaning is discovered. Once students learn the meaning of the word, they can write it down in their vocabulary book. Inventive Terminology This creative vocabulary activity is perfect for morning seat work. Each morning write one sentence on the board and underline one word that students may not know the meaning of. For example The old man was wearing a gray fedora. The students would have to figure out that fedora meant hat. Challenge the students to read the sentence and try to figure out the meaning of the underlined word. Their task is to write the meaning and draw a correlating picture. Character Traits To help increase your students descriptive vocabulary have each student create a character traits T chart for the current book they are reading. One the left side of the T chart students would list the main characters actions that are described in the story. Then on the right side, the students would list other words that describe that same action. This can be done as a class with your current read-aloud book, or independently with the students current book that they are reading. Picture of the Day Each day as part of your morning routine tape a picture of anything you want to the front board. The students task is to look at the picture on the front board and come up with 3-5 words that describe that picture. For example, place a picture of a gray furry kitten on the front board, and students would use descriptive words such as gray, furry, etc. to describe it. Once they get the hang of it, make the picture and words harder. You can even encourage students to bring in pictures or objects to hang or clip to the front board. Word of the Day Challenge students (with help from their parents) to choose one word and learn its meaning. Their task is to teach the rest of the class the word and meaning. Send a not home encouraging students to memorize and really learn their word and meaning so it will be easy for them to teach it to their classmates.

Pay to Play The Perils and Perks of Fee-Based Submissions

Pay to Play The Perils and Perks of Fee-Based Submissions I’ve been freelancing full-time since 2009. In that time I’ve entered (and won) many writing competitions. Some have been free to enter, but I’ve also pursued opportunities that include the dreaded phrase â€Å"fee-based submission.† Some writers balk at the idea of reading fees: to them, forking over a check is like throwing money away. In the other camp are writers who actively seek out publications and competitions that charge fees, seeing those markets as both competitive and prestigious. The Drawbacks of Fees Beyond the obvious cost of writing a check, there are other deterrents to consider when applying to a pay-to-play market. The most troublesome, though relatively rare these days, are the so-called â€Å"scam† markets: unscrupulous contest runners who take your money and run, never declaring a winner (or in other cases, canceling the contest and refusing to refund your fee). Always research the market on Duotrope’s Digest or Poets Writers if you’re not certain about the legitimacy of a publication or contest. Another concern is arguably more philosophical than monetary. Many freelancers today refuse to take jobs that pay little or no money as a matter of principle, believing that doing so perpetuates more markets that underpay and devalue writers. For them, paying to have their work read might just leave them in the red. But on the Other Hand Despite some initial wariness, many pay-to-play markets are absolutely worth considering. Often, literary magazines charge a submission fee, which also includes the cost of a subscription to the magazine. This will provide you with insights about what stories the editors prefer, giving you an edge when you send them your next submission. Other times, particularly with competitions, your fee ensures that the judges will give you specific, detailed feedback about your work, which is quite a valuable perk to writers of any experience level. Moreover, if you make a living solely from writing, you may be able to deduct submission fees on your taxes, as they are part of your work-related communications costs (just like manila envelopes or postage). Speaking of literary professionals, your reading fee is just that: a fee that pays for the time it takes an editor to review your work. That fee could be what keeps your favorite magazine (or non-profit) afloat†¦try thinking of your submission fee as a charitable donation. Finally, there’s the strategic advantage of entering a market with a fee hurdle. Because some writers will inevitably turn up their nose at fee-based markets, the field of competitors may be smaller than for a free-to-enter contest. With so many writers eliminating themselves, you’ve got a better chance at taking top honors. Now What? So, when is it acceptable to gamble with your hard-earned money and time to pay someone to consider your work? Ultimately, it comes down to personal preference. Over the years I’ve spent writing, I’ve come to understand that my time is valuable. In essence, all submissions cost you something (time is money, after all.) And even when I’ve entered fee-based competitions and lost, I’ve still been able to find homes for those stories a few months down the line, thanks to feedback I received. Consider this: if you are paying to have your work read

The Separation of Church and State Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Separation of Church and State - Thesis Example Many scholars argue that either there has been the separation of State and Church or there never was a connection between the State and the Church in the American history. Mythological studies show that a nationalistic religion is slowly emerging amongst the Americans. Separationist advocate for complete separation of the Church from the religion. They argue that the State should not involve itself in religious matter. They feel that any involvement of the State on the religious matter would eventually lead to preference of certain Churches by the State (Allen 1-4). Accomodationists support involvement of the State on religious matters. However, they argue that the State should avoid sponsoring a certain religion. They believe that if the State supported religion, the move would foster religion in the United States (Allen1-5). Allen (1) argues, â€Å"[t]here has always been a close connection between Church and State, as revealed by the religious use of myths, mantras, and mandates that reveal a nationalistic religion that has wavered between the secular and the sacred.† Religious leaders often quote ancient mythical descents of mantras when describing the relation between Church and State. Mantras, such as chosen nation emerged during the Puritan period, resulted in conceptions that the Church and the State were inseparable (Allen 4-7). The phrase â€Å"separation of Church and State† has a long history. It first emerged during John F. Wilson’s reign. During this period, Church-State issues were interconnected and were considered more of theological-religious issues. The Church issues were thus incorporated in the constitution which resulted in the never-ending debates regarding the Church and State. The disagreement over the separation between the Church and State became evident during periods of religious awakenings and revivals.  

Swaying of Congress Leading to Legislative Initiatives Essay

Swaying of Congress Leading to Legislative Initiatives - Essay Example The wastes from tanneries contain lime sludge, salt, and acids that pollute the environment (Babu, 2005). The USDC found out that leukemia was rampant in people that lived around the tannery in Kentucky. Workers in these factories are exposed to arsenic, a chemical used in processing leather and causes lung cancer. Studies have shown that some leather products contain hexavalent chromium, a strong allergen that can lead to adverse skin reactions like eczema. Wool production also harms the environment, though indirectly. The ship was responsible for an anticipated change in the weather that causes badlands. Chemicals used in the production of wool also pollute the existing water sources. Hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and chromates are used in the production and preservation of fur. This also affects the environments because the fur is a vehicle of pollution. Should any product contain any of these substances, ill advice the company to halt their usage and instead use alternatives like plant based fabric like cotton, linen and bamboo. Rubber, ramie, canvas can be used in place of leather. Providing toxic free products provides a competitive edge over rivals because consumers are willing to pay more for products that will not harm them at all. No allergies, no static charges, and there is a happy group of consumers. This will boost the sales and profit margins for the company (Easton, 2009). Babu, N. C., Asma, K., Raghupathi, A., Venba, R., Ramesh, R., & Sadulla, S. (2005). Screening of leather auxiliaries for their role in toxic hexavalent chromium formation in leather—posing potential health hazards to the users. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(12),

Social Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Capital - Essay Example Technological advancements enable instant flow of information to audiences. Some of this information may be seditious and inciting. This profound freedom of information flow attracts an equal measure of responsibility of good citizenship. Technology is a powerful tool that motivates social institutions to be more efficient, but it does not imply substitution of social capital for technology. Modern entertainment isolates societies by privatizing leisure and interaction moments. This negatively affects the social tenets that bind a society. Active social collaborations foster tranquility and successful governance as opposed to weak and un-civic minded society, which cultivate corruption and poverty. Social networks ensure trust and tolerance among people in the circles of employment. The non-participant and the larger society share the benefits of social capital. Indeed, this is because of the diversity in the benefits of networking, ranging from decreased tribal conflicts, a feeling of patriotism, citizen satisfaction and lower costs of transactions. Social capital is the foundation of a thriving society. When the society disintegrates, it is the social capital that gets lost. Collaboration is only sensible in the existence of mutual

I will post all of information in word Assignment

I will post all of information in word - Assignment Example In addition, money is not capable of purchasing intelligence, admiration and or respect for any individual who does not have the capacity to hold these characteristics even in presence of more than enough money. Similarly, money does not attempt to buy brains for individuals who have powerful position in return for service because the individual mostly ends up frustrating him or herself to below the level of those who are perceivably weakened by the status of the individual’s money (Rand 101). Conversely, d’Anconia argues that although money does not purchase the necessary human characteristics in life, money is a rootless living power that acts as a means of survival. The kind of treatment that money gives on individuals depends on the source of livelihood that further translates into the anticipated life. In fact, what matters most is the means of achieving the money and the continuous engagement that tool of exchange has on the life of an individual. For instance, in dividuals are said to do odd jobs just to get a particular amount of money (Rand 103). In light of this, money would suddenly bring forth hatred from its users, the men, immediately it does not concur with the wants of the individuals. Many men are for the perception that money exists to be enjoyed even when the individuals have not genuinely acquired it. It is said not to give virtue nor redeem the vices of men (Rand 104). It is worth mentioning that, every man loves money to the extent of knowing its nature. In addition, d’Anconia argues that individuals should be aware of the fact that money is a continuous creation of the power that is within men, and the level of trading to outfit the best efforts amongst other men who are also trading to satisfy their needs and wants. For instance, those who love money are individuals who have the will to work for it as they know that they deserve to have it in regard to their effort. For this reason then, individuals who continuously d amn money are argued to have gotten it in a manner that is not upright. Thus, d’Anconia advises men to desist from fellow men who continually tell them that money is evil (Rand 103). Needless to say, the society needs money to thrive. However, there must be a strict law that govern those that have money from exploiting those that do not have the medium. In the same way, the law must be present in society to make sure that men who just sit in idleness waiting for fellow men to work and acquire money, and then come forth to deprive them are dealt with accordingly. For instance, every time destroyers appear among men, they are said to begin by destroying money before hurting them and reducing them to men with no money (Rand 104). In a general sense, d’Anconia argues that men must be in a position to contemplate that money is the root of good and not evil. Otherwise if they continue to perceive money a sourced of evil, then they risk having continuous destruction in their life. In the event that money is no longer a viable tool where men can clearly use to deal with one another, the same men are bond to become tools of fellow men. According to d’

Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Niccolo Machiavelli - Essay Example He was an active politician in the independent city-state of Florence. After working in the government and diplomatic positions for a while, he was influenced by the Prince of Papal states, Cesare Borgia, under whom Machiavelli hoped to unite Italy. But this dream had to be abandoned when Medici came to power and he was dismissed from office. As an unemployed person, he soon started writing. "The Prince" was written mainly to please the Medicis, but it made him further unpopular with them. His real thoughts were mirrored in Discourses on Livy that explains his complete political philosophy even though the marred legacy of The Prince haunted him beyond the grave. The Prince argues that any kind of ruthless, unethical, immoral ways could be exercised to gain the principality and to rule it with an iron hand effectively and successfully. He disregarded all conventionally moral and accepted ways of attaining and ruling a country in favor of establishing and retaining a powerful authoritarian state, whatever the means could be. He reiterates that the vitality, power, strength, intuition, cleverness of the lone, all-powerful figure of the Prince is the only factor that matters in the administration of any principality. The Discourses on Livy is an impressive review of Roman Republic with transparent admiration for the republican Government. "Here, too, however, ... s one that judges the skill of all participants in terms of the efficacy with which they achieve noble ends" http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/macv.htm Machiavelli's principles could be effectively applied to today's governing of large organizations, sometimes, in these days of globalization, even across the boundaries of nations. In a hypothetical large organization, the distribution and exercise of power is as critical as that of a State. Any organization, as in State, secrecy and confidentiality are absolutely necessary for any action to be effective. Organizations, plagued with informers, whose future actions could be forestalled by competitors, could never be successful. "No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution," Machiavelli from The Art of War, http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96may/machiavelli.html Machivelli talks about a monarchical rule and a powerful ruler at its helm. The policies recommended by him would go a long way in discouraging mass political activism, or democracy. He did not recommend a totally despotic rule, but a benevolent rule with a firm hand, but with considerable individual rights. He also recommended that monarch can use his power in a judicious way without disturbing the private traditional lives of his people, actually keeping in mind that he is responsible for their material prosperity. He was a political thinker and did not think that politics of the state should be governed by moral or religious absolutism, and the ruler, under difficult circumstances, might not be held responsible, even if he takes actions infringing the private rights of citizens, as those actions might be necessary for the state. These principles in a smaller way, apply to organizations. The

I will post all of information in word Assignment

I will post all of information in word - Assignment Example In addition, money is not capable of purchasing intelligence, admiration and or respect for any individual who does not have the capacity to hold these characteristics even in presence of more than enough money. Similarly, money does not attempt to buy brains for individuals who have powerful position in return for service because the individual mostly ends up frustrating him or herself to below the level of those who are perceivably weakened by the status of the individual’s money (Rand 101). Conversely, d’Anconia argues that although money does not purchase the necessary human characteristics in life, money is a rootless living power that acts as a means of survival. The kind of treatment that money gives on individuals depends on the source of livelihood that further translates into the anticipated life. In fact, what matters most is the means of achieving the money and the continuous engagement that tool of exchange has on the life of an individual. For instance, in dividuals are said to do odd jobs just to get a particular amount of money (Rand 103). In light of this, money would suddenly bring forth hatred from its users, the men, immediately it does not concur with the wants of the individuals. Many men are for the perception that money exists to be enjoyed even when the individuals have not genuinely acquired it. It is said not to give virtue nor redeem the vices of men (Rand 104). It is worth mentioning that, every man loves money to the extent of knowing its nature. In addition, d’Anconia argues that individuals should be aware of the fact that money is a continuous creation of the power that is within men, and the level of trading to outfit the best efforts amongst other men who are also trading to satisfy their needs and wants. For instance, those who love money are individuals who have the will to work for it as they know that they deserve to have it in regard to their effort. For this reason then, individuals who continuously d amn money are argued to have gotten it in a manner that is not upright. Thus, d’Anconia advises men to desist from fellow men who continually tell them that money is evil (Rand 103). Needless to say, the society needs money to thrive. However, there must be a strict law that govern those that have money from exploiting those that do not have the medium. In the same way, the law must be present in society to make sure that men who just sit in idleness waiting for fellow men to work and acquire money, and then come forth to deprive them are dealt with accordingly. For instance, every time destroyers appear among men, they are said to begin by destroying money before hurting them and reducing them to men with no money (Rand 104). In a general sense, d’Anconia argues that men must be in a position to contemplate that money is the root of good and not evil. Otherwise if they continue to perceive money a sourced of evil, then they risk having continuous destruction in their life. In the event that money is no longer a viable tool where men can clearly use to deal with one another, the same men are bond to become tools of fellow men. According to d’

Ben and jerry study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ben and jerry - Case Study Example Also, it failed in increasing average return on shareholders’ equity. From 5% in 1997, it had reached till the case writing to 9%, which was not a big leap forward on the shareholders’ money. 2. Do you think that, in general, it is possible for a for-profit company to be committed to â€Å"improve the quality of life of a broad community† and still maximize shareholder value? Why or why not? It is possible for a for-profit company to remain dedicated to the community cause and at the same time record high earnings for the shareholders. Off late social issues of the communities where corporations have their offices have become relevant enough to provide a brand name and image to a company that promises to offer intangible value to the surrounding communities. This intangible value appreciates in time and changes into tangible results later when public at large prefers investing in its shares because of the earned reputation from the social work done to improve the standard of life of the surrounding communities. If I were Henry Morgan, I would recommend the Board to accept the offer made by Unilever. Unilever is the only company that is offering shareholders’ $36 in cash for each share. Offering shareholders the cash return for their investments in Ben $ Jerry’s provides them freedom of investing in any other company. Another company, Meadowbrook Lane is offering $32, which is less in value to the offer made by Unilever. Other than that the proposal made by Unilever offers to include some select members of B&J management in the integrated division of Unilever’s frozen desserts. A conflict of interests arises over Unilever’s proposal to limit social commitments and interests, but this is the same in the proposals of Meadowbrook Lane and Dreyer’s Grand. 4. If you are thinking about starting a new business, would social consciousness be a consideration for you? Was there anything you learned in

Greetings in Brazil Essay Example for Free

Greetings in Brazil Essay Like any southern nation, the Brazilians are very opened, warm and friendly people. They enjoy big companies and are always glad to get together, socialize and discuss the latest events in the country’s political life or talk about national Brazilian passion: soccer. At that, any communication, especially informal, is based on very close and literally fraternal relationships. That is why greeting in Brazil is never limited to saying â€Å"Hello† or â€Å"Good Morning† and always goes far â€Å".. beyond looking and listening, (Flitter, 2007). In an informal environment, men greet each other with a handshake, a strong hug and sometimes a check-kiss. Women always greet each other with a peck-cheek and a warm hug. When people are introduced to each other for the first time, young men and women always greet each other with a peck on each cheek and an embrace. When meeting a group of people, it is very important to make a physical contact with everybody and give a greeting to every single person in the group. Undoubtedly, this free and friendly style of interpersonal communication has a tremendous influence on Brazilian business culture. Before starting certain business activities, it is absolutely essential to establish friendly relationships with your Brazilian partners. In such circumstances, a simple handshake as a greeting is considered to be too formal and conservative. Men can greet each other with a handshake followed by a friendly embrace or back-clapping, and women can give each other a cheek-kiss. It is also considered to be polite to accompany greetings with special expressions. The most popular terms when greeting Brazilian people can be: â€Å"Como Vai? † (How are you? ) or â€Å"Tudo Bem? † (Is everything all right? ). Good friends can use the word â€Å"Oi† (â€Å"Hi†) for greeting each other. When a person is leaving, it is also necessary to give everyone a handshake, a hug or a back-clap accompanied with such expressions as â€Å"Tchau† (â€Å"Good-bye†) or â€Å"Ate logo† (â€Å"See you†). References Flitter, E. (2007, December 12). Touchy Subject: Doing Business Where Hugs Replace Handshakes. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB119799543096137027. html. Profile of Brazil. (1999, September 15). Limiar. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://www. limiar. org/brazil/profile. html.

Etiology of Substance Abuse

Etiology of Substance Abuse â€Å"Drugs are a bet with your mind.† (Jim Morrison). People start taking drugs by their own choice. In early stages they feel stress-free and euphoric but as life goes on they start getting dependent on it and face difficulty to depart it from their lives. A true feelings and perceptions which abuser has for them are â€Å"I am sick and tired of being known as an addict.† (Arun et al.2004). To live with these perceptions are challenging but to abandon drugs is even more challenging for them. According to (DSM-IV), â€Å"Substance use disorders are now defined as maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to inability to control, use despite significant consequences†. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse (2014), Substance abuse has a lot of effects on society and cause deaths. Use of substance abuse in adolescent, adults and elderly people is creating problem to fulfill their responsibilities and its consequence are very much destructive. According to Annual prevalence of drug use in Pakistan (2012) as cited in UNODC (2013), an expected 5.8 percent of the people in Pakistan utilized illicit substances in the previous 12 months. 11 % of substance utilization was present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 6.5 % of substances used in Sindh and 8.5 % of illicit substances used in Punjab. Substance abuse is referred as terrible deed as it violets societal standards and values by accelerating savage acts. This topic has a huge impact on individual lives, socioeconomic status, health care system and their psychology. Moreover in my clinical rotation, I encounter 25 years old lady being hospitalized for attempt to suicide. During our discussion, she confesse s that her husband is a substance abuser since 2 years and despite the fact she was pregnant, her husband beats him so badly that her baby abort. As this incident touches my heart which endorse me to write about this topic. This paper would profit the readers in a manner especially to those individuals who are indulge in substance abuse so they will know what elements cause substance abuse and how its perilous impacts effects on their lives. It will also talk about, what therapies individuals can approach to depart illicit substances from their lives. Some individuals are at higher risk of substance enslavement. No single variable can anticipate dependence on substance abuse. According to the recent Drug Use in Pakistan Technical Summary Report (2013), â€Å"an estimated 6 ·45 million (5 ·8%) people aged15–64 years in Pakistan used plant-based or synthetic drugs, or prescription drugs for non-medical purposes in the past 12 months†. (pp.2153). Alternately, there are a few causes that make an individual more inclined to it. The etiology of substance abuse in youth is divided into three classes i.e. Familial, Social, and Individual. Familial factors include childhood mal-treatment in which children could have physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect by parents so they grope dismissed and end into substance abusive behavior. According to Whitesell et al. (2013), â€Å"29% of children who experienced maltreatment participating in some level of substance†. (p.3). Additionally if any family member is abusin g drugs in front of child so they imitate same behavior as they perceive parents their role model. Research shown that parental substance abuse increases genetic predisposition for substance use disorder (Dunn et al. 2002). In my opinion parental training plays an essential part in guiding child about substance abuse matters and lack of education can incline a child for substance abuse. Other factors are marital status of parents, child perception that parents approve of their substance use. (Whitesell et al, 2013). Social elements that may include deviant peer relationship in which adolescence joins those gatherings who uses illicit substances. Teenagers who experience childhood in unsteady community conditions are really less vulnerable to deviant peer relationship. (Whitesell et al, 2013). In my opinion individuals affiliate themselves with distinctive gatherings and they imagine that utilizing substances make them popular. Research also supports that youths who classify themselves as famous have indicated to have expanded predominance of substance utilization when contrasted with those who dont recognize themselves† (Whitesell et al, 2013). According to Taylor et al. (2009), bulling is related to substance abuse behavior. 12 % individuals who suffered from bulling experienced life time use of alcohol. (Taylor et al, 2009). There are many individual factors that end up in substance abuse. One of them is depression; it encompasses feelings of sadness, pain, despair, or anger. In my opini on people use to abuse substances to cope from depression but it is also as vice versa because after usage of drugs depression cans occur. According to shafiq et al. (2006), In Pakistan 65% can lead depression I have seen many people in my community who are using illicit drugs because they feel that drugs can alleviate their stressful feelings. Transition of individual from adolescence to young, middle and older adult hood has increases burden in everyday life. Life stressors like financial burden, loss of job and poverty may trigger the use of illicit substances. According to Drug Abuse Master Plan (2010-2014), â€Å"In Pakistan 32 % of the opioid users were unemployed in the past six months† (p.7). People with mental problems also suffered from substance abuse problems. Research suggests that about 50 % of the individuals with psychiatric issues likewise experience the substance abuse problem. (chrome et al., 2009). Substance abuse has a lot of devasting impacts on abusers lives. They can be divided in to three domains i.e. physically, socially and psychologically. Physical impacts are, as abusers use syringes for administration of drugs and due to lack of syringes they apply contaminated syringes on each other which make them vulnerable to blood borne diseases like HIV and hepatitis C. As study also supported that, In Pakistan73% people uses same syringes as there more syringes are not available. (UNODC, 2013). High risk sexual behaviors are observed among drug abusers i.e. un- protected sex which leads to further sexually transmitted disease i.e. In Pakistan â€Å"36% reported having sex with those clients who are HIV positive†. (UNODC, 2013). As drugs impact our central nervous system so it causes different psychological impacts like anxiety in which people have feeling of uneasiness and disturbance in sleep is also common. Substance abuser can suffer from different mood disorders like bipolar disorder. According to moal et al. (2007), Study has revealed that more or less 35% of addicts met lifetime criteria for a mood issue and 45% for an anxiety issue. Substance abuser also suffers from aggression. (Moal et al. 2007). There are many social impacts of substance abuse. In my opinion Isolation can be one of them and on the other hand, absence of acknowledgement from society additionally makes them evade social collaborations. As I have observe in my community that couples fighting is very common and it can further cause separation. Usually people indulge themselves in so much addicted behaviors so they lose their jobs and financial burden increases. According to Angres et al. (2008), Substance abuse negatively impacts public safety, reduces workers, productivity, and contributes to higher healthcare costs, premature deaths, and disability. (pp.696).Abusers have risky behaviors which also detoriate their health. Prendergast (2009) affirms that substance abusers are involved in different criminal acts. Generally individuals crave for drugs and to satisfy their need they involved in criminal acts like robbery so they can purchase their drugs. Leisure et al, (2007) affirms that drug abusers are usually involve in gambling which increases financial burden. In substance abuse relapse is commonest among individuals. According to yaqub (2013), â€Å"Studies have revealed that the relapse rate in Pakistan is around 90%†. In theory brain reward mechanism in which addictive substances trigger brain reward circuit which in turn initiate certain behaviors. The effects of these abusive drugs on mesolimbic dopaminergic system are very serious and associated with creating rewarding effects. If this system does not work properly so it may create certain addictive properties. Dopamine expands extracellular; focus overriding the control of motivated and objective regulated behavior, which motivates them to take drugs. Certain medications are known to alter dopamine discharge and reuptake which modify reward system and increases uptake and relapse. (Eps et al. 2012). The congnitive behavior model of relapse tells about the high risk situations in which person is prone to have relapsed. He describe eight categories like how person interact with different people (â€Å"affect, coping, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies†) and certain environmental factors like (â€Å"asses to drugs, cue exposure and society influence†). It depend on individual that how he cope with these situations and it depend on him whether he uses substances or not. If individual decided and involve in substance abuse so they may suffer from AVE (Abstinence violation effect). AVE includes two things one affective response, in which person feels embarrassed and disgrace because he thinks he is responsible for this and second is cognitive domain which is based on attributional therapy, in which person perceived that this lapse is due to my personal factor and I cannot control them so he may have greater chances of relapse and if he thinks that it happens because of external factor and I can control it so relapse chances are deceased. (Marlatt and Witkiewitz, 2007). On my clinical I have encounter patient 15 years old with relapse of substance abuse. He verbalized me that he had left substance abuse for 3 months but because it was easily available and my friends influenced him so he took drugs and end up in relapse. If we related it to cognitive therapy of relapse environmental factors influence him to end up in relapse which created feeling of guilt and embarrassment It is recommended that government should arrange certain awareness programs on substance abuse. Not only have that media played vital role in substances promotion so government should band those advertisement. Government should create certain institutions and build certain rehabilitation centers in community which are in reasonable cost. More over certain therapies can help patient to quit substance abuse .These therapies are : In Motivational enhancement therapy, counseling approach is used and attempts to modify the behavior of substance abusers. MET is derived from Trans theoretical Model of Change. In this model counselor tend to change person behavior by five levels. In first level of Precontemplation individual does not consider his/her behavior problematic and don’t try to change it. In level two Contemplation people consider his challenging and think to modify it. In third level Preparation, person in this stage plans for a particular change. They assess and select measures for behavioral change. Another level is Action; in which individual is modify his behavior. The last level is maintenance in which individual try to maintain his new behavior and try to adjust new behavior in his surroundings. (Prochaska et al, 1992). Contingency Management Therapies is based on operant conditioning which was proposed by skinners in which desire behavior is achieved by reward and punishment. The positive behavior which have given reward will be more likely to repeat for example when client has positive behavior so we can provide different gifts and voucher and if undesirable behavior exist so punishment should be there. (Carroll onken, 2005). Moreover with therapies we can likewise provide certain interventions. Substance abuse is a problem which cant drive away instantly and it requires significant time for individual to recuperate from it. At community level we can take some measures to prevent substance abuse. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, you have to develop a community plan in which the first step is â€Å"Assessment†. In assessment we will identify the population who are abusers and who are at risk for becoming abusers like people with low- economic status. In second step is â€Å"Build† we will try to identify resources for example we need for different awareness programs in community. Than third we will build â€Å"Short term goals† than after achieving short term goals we will run projects and simultaneously observe efficacy of preventive plan. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse affirms that Family-based preventive projects ought to strong family attachment and con nections examining and uses different family approaches to alleviate on substance abuse. In conclusion substance abuse is tremendously common issue among individuals. There are numerous reasons which are responsible for substance abuses in youth are familial, social and individual factors. As Age progresses, the risk of consumption of substances in adults also increases. The reasons behind substance abuse in adults are unemployment, poverty, traumatic events and any psychiatric problem. Substance abuse has a considerable amount of negative impacts physically, socially and psychologically. Even after treatment, some individuals again end up with state of relapse. Cognitive behavior therapy of relapse tells us about the risk factors that lead relapse. Some more therapies like motivational enhancement therapy and contingency Management Therapies help us to modify behavior of substance abusers. In my opinion we can develop insight in abusers and can modify their behavior. I would like to end up with quotation â€Å"Addiction should never be treated as a crime. It has to be treated as a health problem†. (Ralph Nader).

Appeal for Academic Reinstatement :: Letter of Appeal

I was very disappointed at myself after received dismissal letter from State University. I felt that I let down not only myself, but also my family who hoped for me to earn a bachelor degree from such a great school as Ohio State. There were several reasons that led me to difficulty and lose concentrate in studied. During the time I studied at Ohio State, my older sister who I lived with received the bad news about losing her teaching assistance job at Ohio State. She was the only one who helped support me at that time. My sister was the one who pays rent and most of utility bills. I did help her pay some of the bills and groceries as I only worked minimum part-time. Since my sister was not able to continue her teaching position at that time, I help pay most of the bills included the rent. I certainly did not prepare for the situation and ended up have to start working more so I can help out my sister pays the bills. At the same time, my mother who lives in Thailand also suffered fro m the breast cancer which cost my parents a lot of money for the surgery and medical bills. My parents were in no place to help me or my sister with living costs and expenses here in the United States. Since my sister had only a student visa, and was not a U.S. citizen, I was the only one that could legally work and pay most of the rent and other bills. Working long hours did affect me psychically and emotionally. I lose both of my free time and study times. As I did not plan for the situation included poor time management, I ended up work more and spend less time studied than I should. I know that I struggled to keep up with classes and missed many classes. I did not think it through and thought that I could manage the situation on my own. I did not let anyone know about my situation or seek any help from any instructor or advisor. I ended up with poor academic performance and received bad grades which lead me to academic dismissal. I feel regretted and only wish that I could have made a better decision. After dismissed from Ohio State, I continued to work for whole summer. My sister later received her teaching assistance job back, and could continue her study at Ohio State.

Employees Provident Funds Act, 1952 Essay

Any establishment registered under Cooperative Societies Act or State law relating to cooperative societies, employing less than 50 persons and working without paid of power To any establishment belonging to or under Control of Central Government or a State Government and whose employees are entitled to benefit of contributory provident fund or old age pension. To any establishment set up under any Central or State Act and whose employees are entitled to benefit of contributory provident fund or old age pension. Administration of the fund [section 5(1A)]. Both employer and employee have to pay contribution at prescribed rates. These amounts are credited to a fund. The fund vests in and is administered by Central Board. Employees Covered Under the scheme As per section 2(f), â€Å"employee† means any person who is employed for wages in any kind of work, manual or otherwise, in or in connection with the work of an establishment, and who gets his wages directly or indirectly from the employer. Thus, Persons employed through contractor in connection with work of establishment are covered Apprentices employed under Apprentices Act or under standing orders of establishment are disqualified, i. . they are not employees. [The model standing orders merely state that an ‘apprentice’ is a learner who is paid an allowance during the period of his training]. Non-eligible Employees Under PF Employee whose ‘pay’ is more than Rs. 6,500 per month are not eligible. Apprentices as per certified standing orders or under Apprentices Act Casual employees. However, employees employed through cont ractors have also to be covered under PF. Employee to Become member of Fund Immediately on Joining Every employee employed in or in connection with work of a factory or establishment to which the Act applies is entitled and required to become member of Provident Fund, unless he is an disqualified employee. Contribution by Employer & Employee As per section 2(c) â€Å"contribution† means a contribution payable in respect of a member under a Scheme or the contribution payable in respect of an employee to whom the Insurance Scheme applies. As per section 6, contribution shall be paid by employer @ 12% of basic wages plus DA – dearness allowance plus retaining allowance. This amount is defined as ‘pay’. Employees Provident Fund Scheme This is the main scheme under the Act. Both employer and employee have to pay contribution to Provident Fund. The employer has to deduct contribution of employee from the salary of employee and has to pay both employees’ contribution as well as employer’s contribution by a challan in prescribed form. The amount has to be paid in approved bank. EMPLOYEE CAN PAY HIGHER CONTRIBUTION – Employee has to contribute 12% of his ‘pay’ as contribution. The employee can voluntarily pay higher contribution above the statutory rate. However, employer does not have to match the voluntary contribution, over and above the statutory rate. Contribution Payable under PF scheme The Principal Employer is liable to pay contribution of his own employees as well as employees employed through contractor. Principal Employer can recover from contractor the amount paid by him on behalf of contractor. The contribution is 12% of ‘pay’ i. e. basic wages, plus dearness allowance, cash value of food concession and retaining allowance. Contribution of both employer and employee is same i. e. 12% each. Employer has to pay his contribution to EPF. He cannot deduct his contribution from wages of the employee. However, he has to deduct employee’s share from his salary and pay the same in EPF scheme. This deduction can be only from the wages pertaining to period for which contribution is paid. However, if there is accidental omission, the amount can be recovered later. Amount deducted from salary of employees is held in trust by the employer or contractor. The balance will be retained in the EPF scheme. Thus, on retirement, the employee will get his full share plus the balance of Employer’s share retained to his credit in EPF account. Lower Contribution in certain cases The employer’s and employee’s contribution is 12% each. This is applicable to many of industries and establishments. However, this contribution is not applicable to – â€Å"any establishment employing less than 20 persons† any establishment registered with Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) as a sick company – the lower rate of contribution continues till its net worth is positive * any other establishment which has accumulated loss equal to or more than its assets and has also suffered cash loss in last two years. Jute industry , Beedi industry ,Brick industry other than the spinning sector. In these cases, the contribution is 10%. Transfer of accounts (1) Where an employee employed in an establishment to which this Act applies leaves his employment and obtains re-employment in another establishment to which this Act does not apply the amount of accumulations to the credit of such employee in the Fund or as the case may be in the provident fund of the establishment left by him shall be transferred within such time as may be specified by the Central Government. Investment The amount received by way of provident fund contribution is invested by the board of trustees in accordance with the investment pattern approved by the government of India. The members of the provident fund get interest on the money in their provident fund accounts. The rate of interest for each financial year is recommended by the board of trustees and is subject to final decision by the government of India. 2) Where an employee employed in an establishment to which this Act does not apply leaves his establishment and obtains re-employment in another establishment to which this Act applies the amount of accumulations to the credit of such employee in the provident fund of the establishment left by him may if the employee so desires and the rules in relation to such provident fund permit be transferred to the credit of his account in the Fund The Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995 Applicability EPS, 1995 applies with effect from 16. 11. 995 to all establishments to wh ich EPF,1952 and 1971 were applicable. Eligibility Employer’s and employees’ contribution Protection of provident fund Pensionable salary Pensionable service Formula for calculation of pension Monthly members’ pension = Pensionable salary * pensionable service 70 Employees’ family pension scheme For the purpose of providing family pension and life insurance benefits to the employees of any establishment or class of establishment to which the act applies. the scheme is applicable to all subscribers of employers’ provident fund. Contribution The employees contribution of 8. 33% will be diverted to the fund of pension scheme. Employers contribution is 12%. In such cases, 8. 33% is diverted to pension scheme and balance 1. 67/3. 67% as the case may be, will be in credit of employee’s name in provident fund account. family pension fund from and out of provident fund contributions payable by the employer and employee in each month, a part of the contribution representing one and one and 1/6 the percent from and out of employees contribution is remitted by the employer to the family pension fund. Benefits under the scheme: Members will get pension on superannuation or retirement from service and upon disablement during employment. Family pension will be available to widow/widower for life or till he/she remarries. In addition, children will be entitled to pension, up to 25 years of their age. Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme The Central Government may by notification in the Official Gazette frame a Scheme to be called the Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme for the purpose of providing life insurance benefits to the employees of any establishment or class of establishments to which this Act applies. Deposit-linked Insurance Fund into which shall be paid by the employer from time to time in respect of every such employee in relation to whom he is the employer such amount not being more than one per cent of the aggregate of the basic wages dearness allowance and retaining allowance (if any) for the time being payable in relation to such employee. The employer has to pay contribution equal to 0. 50% of the total wages of employee, in addition to administrative charges of 0. 1% of total wages. The employee need not contribute any amount too the scheme. The salary limit for coverage of employees in same as that of provident fund.

Chart and Reflection Essay

1980 Election This was a political event because it caused a change in the government. Americans wanted a firm, patriotic leader who had a plan to fix the economic problems carrying over from the 1970s. Jimmy Carter was running for reelection, and Americans overall were very unhappy with his leadership. Ronald Reagan emerged as his challenger, a former actor with great public skills and a plan. They elected Ronald Reagan in 1980 who had a controversial plan for fixing the U.S. economy, later dubbed â€Å"Reaganomics.† 1980  Reagan Doctrine Treaty of 1987 the president’s foreign policy in the 1980s of supporting anti-Communist revolutions. reduced existing weapons. the Reagan Doctrine would not shy away from directly confronting Soviet-supported regimes or groups. prevent nuclear proliferation in our own territory and around the globe.   U.S. support favored groups that, while not Communist, were not democratic either. The most controversial of these efforts was in Nicaragua. Mikhail Gorbachev took control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the future of the Soviet Union depended on important reforms and began to implement two programs. the policy led to U.S. involvement in conflicts around the world. Part 2: Answer the following questions in a complete paragraph of your own words. Do you think President Ronald Reagan’s policies had a positive or negative effect on the country overall? Explain your response. Reagan’s foreign policy actions were very positive because they lead to the end of the Cold War and the threat of communism that had been plaguing America for decades. What do you think was the most significant event of the 1980s and why? -Ronald Reagan elected president -Britain’s elite SAS frees Iranian embassy in London after being taken over by terrorists -52 Americans held hostage are returned home after 444 days in captivity -Ronald Reagan survives an assassination attempt by John Hinckley -Riots in Brixton and inner cities in Britain -Britain’s Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding -Discovery of AIDS virus These events are significant because they have had an impact on our country today.

Developing Yourself and Others Essay

In order to carry development needs analysis on myself, I made use of customer feedback surveys that include customer complaints and compliments. This technique is representative of the entire customer opinion as KAYA Doncaster is the sole customer for which the team is contracted to. KAYA Doncaster has a procedure to ensure feedback to its service provider through completing surveys, complain or commendation. The survey is based on the performance of my team as a whole, providing the service. This reflects on my people management skills and allocation of tasks. To assess the developing needs of my team member, Y, I make use of one to one interview technique. This technique allows me to explore employees’ opinions, have an in-depth discussion. This technique is useful for understanding opinions and feelings and helpful in exploring a range of views. To identify any particular learning style for myself or my team member, I made use of the Learning Style questionnaire developed by Honey and Mumford. The learning styles identified by the questionnaire were based upon the work of Kolb. The outcome of the questionnaire has revealed that I share both pragmatism and reflective learning styles. My pragmatism approach makes me keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice and also I positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. I like to get on with things and act quickly on ideas which I feel more confident. I perceive problems and opportunities as challenges. Occasionally I tend to also take a reflective learning style where it makes me stand back to ponder experiences and observe them from many different perspectives. I like to collect data, both first hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclusion. The outcome of the questionnaire has revealed that my team member has a more  activist learning style. Activists are those people who learn by doing. They need to get their hands dirty, to dive in with both feet first. They have an open-minded approach to learning, involving them fully and without bias in new experiences. The first learning option available for me is through analysis of previous experiences. Those past experiences can therefore cater to provide solution for any current or arising problems. My second option would be to shadow a successful colleague from a different site to enable me to see a first-hand operation within the organisation for relevant problems or situations. For Y, brainstorming about the task would generate new ideas and assigning these ideas hands-on would be the first learning/development option. The second option would be to get Y to be involved directly in group discussions so as to give the Opportunity to learn through actively expressing and learning from the group discussion Shadowing would require allocation to a different site and also it will be done during my normal working hours. Physical presence to a different site during my normal working hours can represent a barrier to the learning/development option. To overcome this, transport mode/cost and a dedicated day within my working agenda can be provided to make it achievable. Brainstorming and group discussion are time consuming and will be based on availability of staff time. To overcome this, brainstorming sessions or group discussions will have to be allocated on non-busy days. Monitoring my own development will be based on analysing performance pre and post shadowing. Any changes arising from the learning activity whilst shadowing will reflect on the best way of performing task and these changes can be looked into and adapt to other tasks in order to better them for future. Minutes from group discussions and brainstorming sessions for any new ideas generated should be kept. On future one to one interviews with the team member, the implementation of these ideas should be reflected upon to analyse their outcome. Successful outcome will indicate progression of the team member and unsatisfactory will enable to understand any barriers to implement them and support needed to overcome these barriers.

Summary Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary Report - Essay Example Guidance and Counseling plays an important role in an educational institution. "It is a concept that institutions, especially schools, should promote the efficient and happy lives of individuals by helping them adjust to social realities." (Columbia Encyclopedia) During the internship in an educational institution under the Guidance and Counseling, I was tasked to assist the counselors and staffs of the said department. I was exposed to testing and Psychometrics including its administration and interpretation, counseling sessions and seminar programs that is in response to the collective difficulties of the students. The best activity that I have observed and experienced is to assist in a seminar program organized by the department. The program aimed to help students in coping with stress that they encounter in school, with emphasis on how to react and deal with bullies in school. As part of the program organizer, the first step that we have considered before holding the event is to assess the current needs of the students through a survey done to every student. It was embedded to the counseling sessions wherein the students were asked some personal questions related to the problems that they encounter in school, family and other matters. Fr om the survey, the collective experiences and problems encountered by most students is stress related to bullying. After identifying the top most problems, the guidance counselors have designed a program to help address the common problems of students through information dissemination and seminars. Indeed, the program was very helpful to students and I believe that one way of solving a dilemma is through knowing and learning how to solve it. On the other hand, Even though I consider all the tasks relevant to the guidance programs but there are some tasks that I feel less productive. Particularly, I feel less productive whenever I do administration tasks such as photocopying, collating seminar materials, and checking of test papers. I am aware that administration tasks are very important in order to function well as a department. If I will be employed in an institution as a Guidance Director, I would gladly implement specific programs that are certainly useful and beneficial to all. Guidance and Counseling department will aim to serve as the helping hand of each student, parents and school administrators in addressing problems pertaining to the student's welfare. As stated in allaboutcounseling.com, "counseling is any relationship in which one person is helping another person to better understand and solve some problem." Indeed, the department should maintain good professional and personal relationship up to some extent with each client. In order to carry out the goals of the department, as a director, the welfare of the counselors are also given attention. There should be a program wellness that is intended to address the counselors' needs, burnout problems and others. They should also be assessed from time to time in order to check whether they need training for improvements. The programs will have to be congruent with the goals of the Guidance and Counseling center. It will be called "Community Wellness and Enhancement Program" aims to equip students, parents, and school administrators in facing current and future difficulties to encounter. It is going to be more of a

BCA Compliance for atypical location requirements Assignment

BCA Compliance for atypical location requirements - Assignment Example The sustainability, quality and durability of the structure need to be considered. The structure should be in a position to meet the required standards in relation to the location that it is situated. The ability of the building to withstand harsh conditions, withstand frequent harsh conditions without failure are vital to its performance characteristics. The minimal reports on damages during fire, explosions, vibration among other factors make the structure meet the compliance standards. Some of the actions that need consideration for satisfaction are; the loads both live and dead that the structure is exposed to, force of wind, tremors and earthquakes, marshy grounds and snow. In areas prone to bush fires, the class I buildings should be in a position to offer resistance to the bushfires and minimize the risks involved in the loss of lives and building. Exit doors during emergencies should be installed to ease evacuation by the occupants during fire outbreaks. The design and the construction of the structure should allow minimal risks from the bushfire. It should be easily accessible to vehicles to help the fire fighters and the occupants ease of movement during the crisis. The location of the structure need to be in a place with abundant water supply. The fire fighters can also easily access the building and the water source. The bushfire shelters are designed for emergency cases. These structures must be designed in a way that they can be temporarily used for shelter by the victims affected directly or indirectly from the bushfire. Several factors need to be considered during the location of the private bushfire shelters. Analysis of vegetation, buildings within its vicinity and any other materials that are inflammable need consideration during the designing and construction process. The structure should be readily accessible and provide a maximum tenability